Computational complexity theory examines the intrinsic difficulty of algorithmic problems by classifying them into hierarchies according to the resources—typically time and space—required for their ...

Pose a question to a Magic 8 Ball, and it’ll answer yes, no or something annoyingly indecisive. We think of it as a kid’s toy, but theoretical computer scientists employ a similar tool. They often ...

Computability theory establishes which problems can in principle be solved by mechanical procedures, formalised by the Turing machine model and its equivalents. It draws a firm boundary between ...

MIP * = RE is not a typo. It is a groundbreaking discovery and the catchy title of a recent paper in the field of quantum complexity theory. Complexity theory is a zoo of “complexity classes” – ...

The most widely used technique for finding the largest or smallest values of a math function turns out to be a fundamentally difficult computational problem. Many aspects of modern applied research ...