Past studies have found that the brains of some animals generate representations of the direction in which they are headed. For instance, the heading direction of insects is represented by the ...

Detecting the direction of frequency modulation (FM) is essential for vocal communication in both animals and humans. Direction-selective firing of neurons in the primary auditory cortex (A1) has been ...

The collective dynamics of many natural systems ranging from regulatory circuits and metabolic systems 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 to communication, distribution, and supply networks 8,9 is derived from the direct ...