Since his first term in 2017, President Donald Trump’s trade policy has had two dimensions: one familiar, one unfamiliar. The unfamiliar—indeed, radically unfamiliar—approach has been the huge increase in tariffs on imported goods for the first time in nearly a century.

Prime Minister Mark Carney will meet his pledge to eliminate the country’s internal trade barriers by July 1. But economists say it’s not a substitute for lost U.S. trade.