Since July 7, Trump has been sending out new tariff rates for countries across the globe, including major trading partners Canada, Japan, South Korea, and the European Union (E.U.). He said on July 8 that his Administration views the unilateral tariff rates as deals, though the letters shared thus far do not describe negotiated trade deals.

Malaysias central bank has revised its 2025 economic growth forecast to 4%4.8%, down from its earlier estimate of 4.5%5.5%, citing rising global trade and tariff uncertainties. Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) stated that

The potential 50% tariff on copper imports to the United States has created uncertainty for major producers like Freeport-McMoran, which operates significant copper mining assets globally. The Chilean government’s stance appears focused on diplomatic solutions rather than retaliatory measures.

The central bank left its key deposit rate at 2% after making eight cuts since last June.

US President Donald Trump, leveraging the vast domestic consumer market, has used tariffs as a powerful tool to steer global economic and trade dynamics. He has successfully opened previously closed markets for American products—for example,